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Spring Landscape Checklist - Landscaping Services Springfield MO

Jumping Oak Gall

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Jumping Oak Gall

Tree species affected: White oak (Quercus alba) primarily, and some other white oak group species.Concerns:Leaves on entire crowns of white oak trees turning brown in late spring. In some areas, whole hillsides appear brown

Concerns: Leaves on entire crowns of white oak trees turning brown in late spring. In some areas, whole hillsides appear brown.

Description: High populations of a very tiny, native, stingless wasp (Neuroterussp.) cause pinhead-size galls (abnormal plant growths) to form on the undersides of leaves. Each round, button-like gall contains one wasp larva. Starting at the margins, brown, scorch-like areas appear on leaves where many galls are present. In more severe cases, leaves curl up, turn black, and drop early from trees. Effects of the damage become noticeable in late spring or early summer and remain visible until fall.

Most galls drop from leaves in early summer. Brown pockmarks remain where galls had been attached. Fallen galls are sometimes observed to “jump” due to vigorous movements of larvae within, much like moth larvae of “Mexican jumping beans.” This behavior allows galls to fall deeper into grass and leaf litter where they are sheltered throughout the coming winter.

Many species of gall wasps have two generations per year. It is assumed that the jumping oak gall wasp in Missouri has a similar life history with one generation lasting only a few weeks in early spring and rarely being noticed. The second generation extends from spring through the following winter and causes most of the leaf damage. Outbreaks typically last for one or two years and then fade away as natural controls reduce gall wasp numbers again.

Similar Leaf Issues:  In years with cool wet springs, fungal diseases can be abundant on trees and may also cause leaf browning. Anthracnoseis common on white oak foliage in those conditions. Botryosphaeria twig cankercauses leaves on infected small branches to wilt and turn brown, which results in “flagging” in the canopy during the summer. Typically, twig bark shrivels and turns brown where the canker occurs, near the junction with healthy tissue.

Recommendations: Galls and fungi that affect oak leaves rarely have a significant impact on tree health. Nearly all trees will recover, even if all leaves are brown. Controls are not warranted. By the time the damage is observed, any opportunity to treat has already passed for that year, and populations are likely to decline naturally. However, severe leaf damage stresses trees, particularly if most leaves on a tree are killed which results in a second flush of leaves emerging in summer. The best tactic is using good tree care practices that reduce stress (mulching, watering during drought, avoiding wounds due to lawnmowers and trimmers).

 

 

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Oak Wilt Disease - Gabris Landscaping Springfield MO

Oak Wilt

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Oak Wilt

Tree species affected: Oaks, especially the red oak group

Concerns:Leaf discoloration and wilt, tree defoliation and death

Description: Oak Wilt is a lethal disease of oaks, especially species in the red oak group. The fungus responsible, Ceratocystis fagacearum, invades the tree, causing it to die. In Missouri, the oak wilt fungus is spread primarily when sap-feeding beetles carry oak wilt spores to fresh wounds during the early part of the growing season. Once established in a tree, oak wilt can move though root grafts connecting nearby oaks.

Symptoms and Signs: The first symptom of oak wilt in red oaks is usually browning and wilting of leaves in the upper crown in early summer (Fig. 1). White oaks often exhibit scattered branches with wilting leaves in the crown (Fig. 2). Wilted leaves display olive drab or light tan to bronze tissue starting at the margins and progressing toward the leaf base (Fig. 3). Brown or black streaking may be seen under the bark of wilted branches in both groups (Fig. 4). Rapid defoliation of red oaks can occur within two to six weeks of initial infection, and death occurs within a year. White oaks may take years to die from the infection. Under ideal conditions, oak wilt fungal mats form under the bark of dead red oaks the spring following tree death (Fig. 5), causing cracks in the bark and emitting a sweet, fermenting odor, attracting sap-feeding insects that spread the fungus. Squirrels may chew through the bark to expose these areas.

Jerral Johnson, Texas Agricultural Extension Service, 1995Fire wood Soil Line Plastic 6April 2013 Recommendation: Once a red oak tree displays extensive crown wilt symptoms, the tree will die. White oaks may survive the disease for several years with careful pruning of infected branches and good tree care. Accurate diagnosis of oak wilt is essential for appropriate treatments as other disorders can look similar. Contact your local MDC forester or see www.npdn.orgfor information on labs that can confirm oak wilt.

Two treatments can be considered to protect healthy, high-value red oak trees near infected trees: a professional arborist can inject fungicide before the trees show symptoms, or grafted roots can be killed through mechanical trenching or chemical applications. Root grafting is less common in Missouri than in some states, and is only likely to occur when oaks of the same species grow in close proximity. Fungicide application is costly, may need to be repeated every 1-3 years, and where root grafting occurs, is most effective when combined with graft disruption.

Counties confirmed with oak wilt in the last decade. The disease could be present in other areas.

Remove diseased trees after they have completely died but before the following spring when fungal mat development is possible. Removal of symptomatic trees prior to death can hasten movement of the fungus to adjacent oaks if root grafts are not first disrupted. Unseasoned firewood from infected trees can spread the disease; however, it is safe to burn, and burning destroys the fungus. Cover potentially infected firewood with 4-mil clear plastic and bury the edges with soil until the end of the following summer (Fig. 6). Landowners with oak wilt in woodlots or forests should consult their local MDC forester for appropriate treatment options.

Prevention: Avoid pruning or damaging oaks from mid-March through June. Oaks become more susceptible to the disease a couple weeks before bud break occurs in the spring. Immediately use commercial tree wound dressings, available from garden centers, on fresh wounds or storm damaged areas during the spring infection period (Fig. 7). Firewood movement should only occur locally to prevent movement of oak wilt and other invasive forest pests to new areas.

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Pine bark beetles

Pine bark beetles

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Pine bark beetles

DESCRIPTION

There are numerous species of Ips Engraver and Dendroctonus, Bark Beetles, that infest conifers throughout North America. Adults tunnel through the bark, mate and lay eggs in the phloem (inner bark). The larvae develop in the phloem and cambial region; pupal development is completed in the inner or outer bark. Adults develop from pupae and emerge by boring out through the bark. Multiple generations a year are possible

SYMPTOMS

Symptoms of infestation include: pitch tubes, reddish boring dust, adult exit holes, and yellowing foliage. The beetles commonly attack drought stressed trees. High number of attacks to trees are possible, which can result in extensive vascular injury and ultimately, tree death.

TRE ATMENT

TREE-äge ® Insecticide (containing 4% Emamect in  Benzoate ) is the recommended treatment for Bark Beetles including Ips Engraver Beetles, Mountain Pine Beetles, Southern Pine Beetles, Spruce Beetles and Western Pine Beetles. TREE -äge provides 2 years of control for labeled Bark Beetles. The TREE I.V. system is recommended for treating Bark Beetles due to the nature of the host trees.

Dosages are based on the Diameter (in inches) of the tree at Breast Height (DBH”). Resinous Conifers: In resinous conifers, such as pine and spruce, start the injection immediately after drilling into the sapwood. A prolonged delay may reduce uptake on account of resin flow into the opening.

WHEN TO TREAT

Effective injection treatment is favored by a full canopy (i.e., leaves) and a healthy vascular system. Once these tissues are compromised by insect damage (adult and larval galleries) an effective and uniform application of TREE-äge may be difficult to achieve and subsequent control may be poor. Optimally, treatment should be made preventively at least 2 to 3 weeks before Bark Beetles historically infest the host tree.

TREE-äge may also be effective as a remedial treatment against some pests, such as those with slower development or if multiple life stages are susceptible to TREE-äge

WHAT TO EXPECT AFTER TREATMENT

Research studies using TREE-äge (containing 4% Emamectin Benzoate) have demonstrated effective results against conifer bark beetles, depending on the pest species targeted. You can expect TREE-äge to be systemically distributed throughout the tree and provide protection from Bark Beetle pests for up to 2 years.

REFERENCES

1 Effectiveness of Two Systemic Insecticides for Protecting Western Conifers from Mortality Due to Bark Beetle Attack: Don M. Grosman, Christopher J. Fettig, Carl L. Jorgensen, and A. Steven Munson, Western Journal of Applied Forestry 25(4) 2010

2 Efficacy of Systemic Insecticides for Potection of Loblolly Pine Against Southern Pine Beetles (Coleoptera: Cuculionidae: Scolytinae) and Wood Borers (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Donald M. Grosman and William W. Upton Journal of Econ. Entomol. 99 (1): 94-101 (2006)

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Shrub Plant Watering Practices

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How to Water Your New Shrubs and Plants

There are many exceptions to the following guidelines. Species specific research is encouraged for customers interested in the proper maintenance of their trees.

The #1 cause of death for new plants in urban landscapes is over watering. Over watering can push all of the oxygen out of the soil and actually choke a plant to death faster than under watering will kill the plant of dehydration. Be sure water is draining from your plant so it isn’t sitting in a puddle of water for an extended period of time after watering. Poorly draining soils will require much less water than outlined below

The key is to keep the soil around the root system moist, without drowning the plants. Touching the ground and feeling the soil moisture at the base of your plant is always the best way to determine watering needs. If the ground is really wet, don’t water. If the ground is really dry, consider watering more often or a few seconds longer than outlined below.

Avoid letting water splash on plant leaves if at all possible, particularly if watering after 8 a.m. The best time of day to water is between 4-8 a.m.

After the initial establishment, plants should be watered once or twice a month for the first 1-2 years, even during the winter, if/when weather permits, and especially during summer. We recommend hand watering plants during the first 2-4 weeks because it is a significantly more effective way to water plants evenly and/or detect plants which go into decline before it’s too late to utilize our replacement warranty.

Weeks Since Planted      Watering Schedule using a Hose@ Full Pressure

1-2                                     Once daily (3-6 seconds)

3-6                                     3x/Week (3-6 seconds)

7-8                                      1x/Week (5-10 seconds)

Weeks Since Planted        Using Irrigation System

1-2                                         Daily watering at half of normal watering time(Twice daily during Summer heat)

3-8                                        3x/week (regular watering schedule)

*Increase frequencies of watering to daily to compensate for additional water loss from temperatures above 85*F. Decrease frequencies of watering to compensate for lack of water loss during temperatures below 45*F

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When Should you Aerate and Overseed - Lawn Aeration Springfield MO

When Should you Aerate and Overseed? – Lawn Aeration Springfield MO

In Springfield, Missouri, lawn aeration and over-seeding are important to maintaining a healthy and beautiful lawn. Grass can get old and worn down. Overseeding is a fast and convenient way to make your lawn lush and green again without starting over. Overseeding is spreading grass seeds over an existing lawn.

Lawn aeration keeps your grass beautiful by improving soil structure and combating soil compaction. Healthy soil has both macropores and micropores which provide space for plants to absorb nutrients and oxygen. Overly-compacted soil no longer has the porous space required for healthy grass growth. Although aeration and over-seeding are important, it may be confusing as to when would be the best time to perform these activities.

Best Time to Aerate and Overseed is in the Fall

We recommend that you aerate and overseed at least once a year to maintain a beautiful lawn. Lawn Aeration and overseeding in Springfield, Missouri is best done during fall when the weather is cooler. There will be plenty of sunlight because trees will start to shed their leaves. Additionally, diseases that attack seedlings are less active.

Second Aeration and Overseeding in the Spring

If your lawn needs more attention and is highly compacted, overseeding and aerating twice a year could provide an even thicker and healthier lawn. Spring would be the next best time to aerate and overseed your lawn again. However, be sure to mow your lawn a few times before aerating in the spring. This will allow the lawn to grow quickly enough to recover and utilize increased pore space that results from aeration.

When in doubt, be sure to hire a professional to determine what the best plan is for aerating and overseeding your lawn. It is critical to follow specific instructions on watering, equipment, seed mixtures and blends. At Gabris Landscaping, we offer services for both aeration and overseeding. Give us a call to maintain a healthy and beautiful lawn.

 

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Time-Saving Lawn Care Ideas - Lawn Care Company Springfield MO

Time-Saving Lawn Care Ideas – Lawn Care Company Springfield MO

With our busy lives, it’s often hard to find time for proper lawn care. However, there are several things that you and one of the best lawn care companies in Springfield Missouri, Gabris Landscaping, can do to save you more time while maintaining a healthy lawn.

Mow More Frequently

Although it sounds counterintuitive, mowing more often can save you time so long as you’re only removing 1/3 of the grass blade at a time. Grass clippings that are too long can lead to more time raking and toting bags to the curb. Cleaning up is time-consuming. Although you’ll spend more time mowing, you’ll save much more time cleaning up.

Spray Weeds

Instead of pulling weeds, spray weeds instead. Spraying weeds will save time because it will control the whole plant. In contrast, pulling weeds may allow it to re-grow later. Weed control materials can help manage broadleaf weeds, crabgrass, and nutsedge. When in doubt, give our expert lawn care company, Gabris Landscaping, a call. We offer a lawn care application service. It is important to know the types of weeds that exist and which treatments are best.

Use a Lawn Care Company to Seed Your Lawn

Although you could seed your lawn yourself, professional lawn care companies will have the equipment that can perform this task in much less time. Without a lawn care company, you would have to borrow a truck and trailer, pick up seed at the store, unload the machine, run it for hours, and wash the machine off.

Use Preventative Lawn Care Applications

There are some lawn care applications you should never go without applying each year. It is far better to prevent pests and diseases than to treat them later when they become a problem. It is crucial to make sure all treatments for lawns, shrubs, or trees are applied in a manner consistent with Federal, State, and local laws.

Use Timers for Irrigation

The first couple months after seeding is the most important. Be sure to regularly water your lawn. Neglecting this task could lead to wasted money and time. To avoid forgetfulness, buy timers and set up irrigation for your lawn to water certain areas at certain times. You can also save time dragging hoses and sprinklers around several times a day by installing an irrigation system. An irrigation system can be installed by lawn care companies.

To save the most time, give our experienced and professional lawn care company a call. We can take care of your lawn while saving you valuable time.

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Preventing Lawn Fungus and Reducing Lawn Applications Springfield MO

Preventing Lawn Fungus and Reducing Lawn Applications Springfield MO

Preventing Lawn Fungus and Reducing Lawn Applications

Lawn fungus can spread rapidly and be very damaging to your lawn. It can spread to areas that are weak, dying, and unhealthy. Lawn applications such as fungicide can treat fungus by preventing its growth and spread. However, fungicides are chemicals that have many environmental and health disadvantages. Fungicides can drain off your lawn and contaminate nearby lakes and rivers. The chemicals in fungicides are detrimental to aquatic life. Additionally, fungicide can be harmful to humans and cause irritation to skin, eyes, and the respiratory tract. However, this lawn application can be reduced by following some best practices to prevent and control fungus.

Maintain soil at proper pH level.

Most lawn grasses prefer slightly acidic soil near 6.0 to 7.0 pH, where essential nutrients stay readily available. Regular soil testing and appropriate soil amendments help keep your grass healthy and strong.

Follow good mowing practices.

Mowing low creates the grass conditions that disease organisms love. Weakened and wounded grass provide the perfect conditions for fungus. After the disease gets started, you can even spread it around via the mower blades because the disease rides on the blades. Instead, mow the grass at heights recommended for your grass type. Keep your mower blades sharp, and mow according to grass growth. Remove only one-third of the blade height in a single mowing. Collect and dispose of lawn clippings if you suspect fungal disease. Don’t compost; some diseases spread through clippings, infecting compost.

Use Fertilization

Under-fertilizing leaves grass undernourished, and overfertilizing promotes weak, rushed growth; both mistakes set up lawns for disease. Fertilize with premium products that release essential nutrients at the right levels.

When Lawn Application May Be Necessary

Although these preventative tips can be effective, infections may still occur. After all other efforts have failed, you can contact a professional such as Gabris Landscaping for lawn applications of fungicide. It is important to hire an expert with experience and knowledge on how to handle chemicals.

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Avoiding Brown Spots In Your Yard - Lawn Care Services Springfield MO

Avoiding Brown Spots In Your Yard – Lawn Care Services Springfield MO

Brown spots on your lawn can be a frustrating experience. Even when you think you’ve done everything to ensure a lush, green lawn, suddenly a brown spot appears.

There are many possible reasons why you may be seeing brown spots on your lawn. Let’s review a few potential causes and the best remedies to keep your lawn looking bright and green.

Human and Animal Damage

It’s very easy for both humans and pets to cause damage to the lawn. Some common causes include:

Animal Urine – Dogs are the most likely culprits, but large birds, cats, and other animals can cause urine stains as well. You can figure out if your brown spots are caused by animals by checking to see if the spots are yellow with bright green around the edge, indicating diluted nitrogen found in the urine, which acts as a fertilizer.

To avoid these issues, try to make sure your pet is well-hydrated can make their urine less toxic, and you can also train your animals to do their business in a different area of the yard.

Dull Mower Blades – Dull blades tear your grass and cause damage as they pull the blades away from the root system.

To avoid this problem, sharpen your mower blades in the fall and spring, and check them after mowing to make sure the mower is cutting your grass evenly.

Chemicals – Gasoline, fertilizer, herbicides, and pesticides can cause dead spots if spilled.

To avoid this problem, make sure you always pour any chemicals, fuels and sprays on your driveway or on a patio stone, not on your lawn, and always carefully follow the directions.

Poor Growing Conditions

In some cases, the conditions in your yard may be unfavorable for grass to grow. Some of these issues can include:

Poor SoilSoil quality can vary between different areas in your lawn, and patches of poor soil can cause brown patches.

To avoid this problem, take a screwdriver and push it into the soil. If it goes in easily, your soil is likely compacted and needs to be aerated.

Erosion – Water tends to run off in slopes, often taking grass seeds and young shoots with it.

To avoid this problem, aerate your lawn to increase water absorption. If you’re dealing with a steep slope, consider building terraces or planting ground cover.

Roots – Large trees or shrubs nearby can be a drain on resources for grass, causing the surrounding area to look patchy.

To avoid this problem, consider mulching or naturalizing areas under trees and shrubs instead of trying to get grass to grow in an area will you’ll always have an issue.

Drought – A healthy lawn requires an inch of water a week, which can come from rainfall or irrigation. A dry spot can become compounded by drought damage.

To avoid this problem, make sure your lawn is watered evenly.

Lawn Diseases and Pests

If none of the previous suggestions above have worked, then it might be time to move on to more serious measures against pests and disease.

Thatch – Thatch is a buildup of decaying grass which chokes out healthy grass.

To avoid this problem, remove the thatch by raking your lawn if it’s more than ½” thick.

Grubs – Grubs are common late-season problem, and can be identified when your sod pulls back from the ground like a carpet.

To avoid this problem, check for fat, white, curved worms beneath your sod. Contact us for pest control applications to eliminate the grubs from your yard.

Fungal Diseases – Fungal diseases can become common during the midsummer months, when the temperature is hot and humid.

To avoid this problem, aerate your lawn and make sure your grass gets as much sunlight as possible. If it persists, contact our lawn care services to help get this under control.

If you need help identifying the causes of brown spots in your yard or solutions on how to fix them, contact the lawn care services team at Gabris Landscaping.

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Warmer Weather Requires Yard Pest Control Springfield MO

Warmer Weather Requires Yard Pest Control Springfield MO

When the weather starts to warm up, the insects and pests come out of hibernation and start attacking your lawn and landscaping. The most common lawn pests we deal with are chinch bugs, grubs and sod webworms.

Don’t lose the battle over chinch bugs. Chinch bugs can attack your lawn quickly as weather warms and adults move into open areas where females lay eggs. These eggs hatch, and begin feeding on grass plants while releasing plant damaging toxins. Damaged areas first appear as yellowish to brownish patches which enlarge as the insects spread. Gabris Landscaping’s yard pest control reduces the number of these pests on your property and minimizes the risk of infestation.

Grubs are the larval stage of several beetles. During their life cycle, they exist approximately two inches below the lawn’s surface, continuously feeding on the root system. Proactively treat your lawn for grubs with our yard pest control. Grub damage is most likely to occur in the late summer and early fall months. However, grubs can also be present and cause damage in the late spring. Grub activity will encourage damage due to scavenging animals including skunks and birds, both of which will search for grubs to feed on. Damage may not be apparent until it is too late, requiring costly repair.

The Sod Webworm is the caterpillar state of a common lawn moth. The night flying moths drop eggs from which the caterpillars hatch in the lawn and begin to feed on grass plans almost immediately. Damaged areas have yellow patches of turf that may eventually turn brown and die. Webworms are only active at night, chewing grass leaves, often severing the entire plant at the crown. During the day they retreat to silk lined tunnels in the thatch or soil. Birds flocking to your lawn to feed may indicate Sod Webworm activity. Control of Sod Webworms is included in your Lawn Doctor Maintainer Care program.

Gabris Landscaping can provide the best yard pest control treatment to help prevent damage to your lawn before it occurs. A properly cared for landscape adds both beauty and value to your home while it provides natural support for the environment. We can help you create and maintain the quality landscape you deserve to have surrounding your home.

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Customized Lawn Care - Lawn Mowing Service Springfield MO

Customized Lawn Care – Lawn Mowing Service Springfield MO

When it comes to taking care of your yard, we don’t take a “one size fits all” type of approach. Every yard is different depending on the type of grass, the amount of sun, the type of soil, how it drains, etc. Our professional lawn care services include customized fertilization and mowing programs. We know that everyone wants a green lawn, so we make sure to utilize the proper balance of seed, feed, weed control, proper mowing techniques and the right season for each application.

Our Full Service Custom Lawn Care Checklist

Gabris Landscaping provides customized, complete annual lawn care and maintenance programs because most lawns are different and have different needs. Although the components and processes are different for each lawn, this complete full service program includes custom fertilization, aeration, over-seeding, weed, fungus,and insect control, mowing, trimming and pruning.

As part of these services, our professional staff mows your entire yard, does the line trimming around all trees, posts, and fencing, uses a blade edger to create sharp lines along sidewalks, patios and driveways, and completes the job with a final blowing and cleanup.

Our blend of slow and quick release fertilizer to jump start your lawn for a quick and sustained green up, post-emergent weed control to kill any winter weeds, and a pre-emergent weed control to help prevent crabgrass and other grassy, small seeded broad leaf weeds will make sure your lawn is the envy of the neighborhood all year long.

We welcome the opportunity to provide our full maintenance Gabris Landscaping lawn care service. However, if you simply need a professional lawn mowing service, we are happy to help. This standard service includes mowing the yard, line trimming around all trees, posts, fencing, etc., edging sidewalks, patios and driveways, and of course, we always clean up.

Lawn striping is where we create a pattern in the grass during the mowing process. Visual results may vary based upon health of grass, length of grass, type of grass, available sunlight and seasonal conditions. As we mow, the weight of the roller bends the grass down in the direction we mow.

Our lawn mowing experts create the best design for the lawn size and shape. Our lawn striping system will not hurt your grass. It simply gently bends the grass blades in the direction we are mowing. It does not fold or break the blades of grass. It is important to rotate the mowing patterns and angles each time we mow.

Whether you only need lawn mowing and trimming, our lawn fertilization program, or our complete customized lawn maintenance services, we can create the right lawn care solution for your yard.

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